Int. J. Dev. Biol. 65: 465 - 474 (2021)

https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.200276cs

Vol 65, Issue 7-8-9

Genomics and epigenomics of axolotl regeneration

Review | Published: 28 January 2021

Cynthia Sámano*^,1, Rodrigo González-Barrios², Mariana Castro-Azpíroz¹, Daniela Torres-García¹, José A. Ocampo-Cervantes³, Jimena Otero-Negrete¹ and Ernesto Soto-Reyes*^,1

¹Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, ²Unidad Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) and ³Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas y Acuícolas de Cuemanco (CIBAC), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México

Abstract

The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) has been a widely studied organism due to its capacity to regenerate most of its cells, tissues and whole-body parts. Since its genome was sequenced, several molecular tools have been developed to study the mechanisms behind this outstanding and extraordinary ability. The complexity of its genome due to its sheer size and the disproportionate expansion of a large number of repetitive elements, may be a key factor at play during tissue remodeling and regeneration mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis has provided information to identify candidate genes networks and pathways that might define successful or failed tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the epigenetic machinery that may participate in this phenomenon has largely not been studied. In this review, we outline a broad overview of both genetic and epigenetic molecular processes related to regeneration in axolotl, from the macroscopic to the molecular level. We also explore the epigenetic mechanisms behind regenerative pathways, and its potential importance in future regeneration research. Altogether, understanding the genomics and global regulation in axolotl will be key for elucidating the special biology of this organism and the fantastic phenomenon that is regeneration.

Keywords

Ambystoma mexicanum, regeneration, molecular and epigenetic processes