Int. J. Dev. Biol. 65: 289 - 299 (2021)

https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.200173LV

Vol 65, Issue 4-5-6

Special Issue: Developmental Biology in Ibero-America - Part 2

Developmental delay during eye morphogenesis underlies optic cup and neurogenesis defects in mab21l2^u517 zebrafish mutants

Published: 26 August 2020

Rebecca Wycliffe¹, Julie Plaisancie^2,3, Sydney Leaman¹, Octavia Santis⁴, Lisa Tucker¹, Daniela Cavieres⁴, Michelle Fernandez⁴, Camila Weiss-Garrido⁴, Cristian Sobarzo^4,5, Gaia Gestri¹ and Leonardo E. Valdivia*^4,5

¹Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK, ²UDEAR, UMR 1056 Inserm-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, ³Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France, ⁴Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile and ⁵Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile

Abstract

Shaping the vertebrate eye requires evagination of the optic vesicles. These vesicles subsequently fold into optic cups prior to undergoing neurogenesis and allocating a population of late progenitors at the margin of the eye. mab21l2 encodes a protein of unknown biological function expressed in the developing optic vesicles, and loss of mab21l2 function results in malformed eyes. The bases of these defects are, however, poorly understood. To further study mab21l2 we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a new zebrafish mutant allele (mab21l2^u517). We characterized eye morphogenesis and neurogenesis upon loss of mab21l2 function using tissue/cell-type-specific transgenes and immunostaining, in situ hybridization and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. mab21l2^u517 eyes fail to grow properly and display an excess of progenitors in the ciliary marginal zone. The expression of a transgene reporter for the vsx2 gene –a conserved marker for retinal progenitors– was delayed in mutant eyes and accompanied by disruptions in the epithelial folding that fuels optic cup morphogenesis. Mutants also displayed nasal-temporal malformations suggesting asynchronous development along that axis. Consistently, nasal retinal neurogenesis initiated but did not propagate in a timely fashion to the temporal retina. Later in development, mutant retinas did laminate and differentiate. Thus, mab21l2^u517 mutants present a complex eye morphogenesis phenotype characterized by an organ-specific developmental delay. We propose that mab21l2 facilitates optic cup development with consequences both for timely neurogenesis and allocation of progenitors to the zebrafish ciliary marginal zone. These results confirm and extend previous analyses supporting the role of mab21l2 in coordinating morphogenesis and differentiation in developing eyes.

Keywords

eye, mab21l2, morphogenesis, differentiation, zebrafish, microphthalmia