Int. J. Dev. Biol. 54: 1405 - 1417 (2010)

https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.093001pg

Vol 54, Issue 10

Cajal´s achievements in the field of the development of dendritic arbors

Essay | Published: 12 January 2011

Pablo García-López^1,2, Virginia García-Marín*^,1,3, Ricardo Martínez-Murillo¹ and Miguel Freire¹

¹Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, ²School of Visual Arts, New York, NY, USA and³Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Abstract

In 1909, Cajal published an up-dated version in French (Cajal, 1909-1911) of his main work Texture of the Nervous System of Man and Vertebrates (Cajal, 1899-1904), considered the most important book devoted to the nervous system. Owing that last year was the centenary of this publication, we decided to produce an article focused on Cajal´s description of the morphological changes that dendritic trees undergo during development. We will emphasize his brilliant hypotheses explaining the modelling of dendritic trees (the neurotropic hypothesis and the role of neuronal activity in the patterning of the dendritic trees), and the status of this topic in present day Neuroscience. Here, we will show original photographs taken from a selected collection of Cajal´s slides housed in the Cajal Museum (Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain) illustrating the principal changes in neuronal morphology at different stages of development of the spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. We will also discuss Cajal’s initial proposals regarding the influence of neurotropic substances (chemotactic hypothesis) and neural activity in the modelling of the dendritic tree, as well as the evidence that later confirmed these theories.

Keywords

Cajal, development, dendritic arbor, dendritic spine