Int. J. Dev. Biol. 44: 151 - 159 (2000)

Vol 44, Issue 1

Special Issue: Developmental Biology in Britain

Abnormalities of somite development in the absence of retinoic acid

Published: 15 January 2000

M Maden, A Graham, M Zile and E Gale

MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, United Kingdom. malcolm.maden@kcl.ac.uk

Abstract

We describe the effects of an absence of retinoic acid (RA) on the development of somites in the quail embryo. RA was removed by generating vitamin A deficient quail embryos whereupon the resulting defects in the embryos can be analysed. The effect on the somites is threefold. Firstly, they are half the size of normal, but the total number of somites is the same as normal. There has therefore been some global regulation event. Secondly, by TUNEL staining and TEM we show that the lateral halves of all of the somites undergo apoptosis between stages 11 and 14. This effect is confined to the sclerotome of the somites. Thirdly, some of the genes involved in somite differentiation are down-regulated such as fgf-4, fgf-8, engrailed and myogenin whereas others we examined such as cek-8, Delta, follistatin and myf5 are not affected. These studies reveal remarkably specific effects of RA on developmental gene pathways in the embryo.