Int. J. Dev. Biol. 54: 495 - 505 (2010)

https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.082761eb

Vol 54, Issue 2-3

Special Issue: Placenta

Trophoblast phagocytic program: roles in different placental systems

Review | Published: 10 September 2009

Estela Bevilacqua*^,1, Mara-Sandra Hoshida¹, Andrea Amarante-Paffaro², Andrea Albieri-Borges³ and Sara Zago-Gomes¹

¹University of São Paulo, SP, ²Federal University of Alfenas, MG and ³State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Abstract

Although not belonging to the class of professional phagocytes, in many species trophoblast cells exhibit intense phagocytic activity. The complete range of physiological functions of trophoblast phagocytosis has not yet been fully characterized. Close association between the trophoblast and nutrition was determined many years ago. Hubrecht (1889) when proposing for the first time the name trophoblast to the external layer of the blastocyst, directly established the nutritive significance of this embryonic layer. Indeed, histotrophic phagocytosis, i.e. the internalization of maternal cells and secreted materials, is considered an important function of the trophoblast before the completion of the placenta. Recently, however, unexpected characteristics of the trophoblast have significantly enhanced our understanding of this process. Roles in acquisition of space for embryo development, in tissue remodeling during implantation and placentation and in defense mechanisms are highlighting how this cellular activity may be relevant for the maternal-fetal relationship beyond its nutritional function.

Keywords

trophoblast, placenta, phagocytosis, erythrophagocytosis, defense mechanism