Ariizumi ESM

Int. J. Dev. Biol. Vol. 47, No. 6 (2003) pp. 405-410

Electronic supplementary material corresponding to article:

Amphibian in vitro heart induction: a simple and reliable model for the study of vertebrate cardiac development

by Takashi Ariizumi, Masayoshi Kinoshita, Chika Yokota, Kazuhiro Takano, Keiichi Fukuda, Nobuo Moriyama, George M. Malacinski and Makoto Asashima^*

Supplementary Movie 1. An in vitro-induced beating heart. Animal cap tissues developed into beating hearts after combined activin and dissociation/reaggregation treatments. These induced hearts kept beating rhythmically for more than 2 weeks without a change in the culture medium.

Supplementary Movie 2. A tadpole with a secondary heart (ventral view). The recipient neurula embryo developed into a tadpole with a double heart after the ectopic transplantation of the in vitro-induced heart rudiment. The ectopic heart of this 5-day-old tadpole is filled with a large number of red blood cells.

Supplementary Movie 3. An adult frog with a secondary heart. This frog was ectopically transplanted with an in vitro-induced heart rudiment at the neurula stage. The recipient embryo metamorphosed into a frog normally except for exhibiting an ectopic beating heart.

Supplementary Movie 4. Internal anatomy of a frog with an ectopic heart. This frog is the same as shown in Fig. 3F. When the host’s anterior abdominal vein was clamped the ectopic heart expanded with a large amount of blood.