TY  - JOUR
TI  - <I>Xnr3</I> affects brain patterning via cell migration in the neural-epidermal tissue boundary during early <I>Xenopus</I> embryogenesis
AU  - Morita, Mariko
AU  - Yamashita, Satoshi
AU  - Matsukawa, Shinya
AU  - Haramoto, Yoshikazu
AU  - Takahashi, Shuji
AU  - Asashima, Makoto
AU  - Michiue, Tatsuo
T2  - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
AB  - Neural induction and anteroposterior neural patterning occur simultaneously during Xenopus gastrulation by the inhibition of BMP and Wnt signaling, respectively. However, other processes might be necessary for determining the neural-epidermal boundary. Xenopus nodal-related-3 (Xnr3) is expressed in dorsal blastula and plays a role in neural formation. In this study, we analyzed how Xnr3 affects neural patterning to identify novel mechanisms of neural-epidermal-boundary determination. In situ hybridization revealed that ventro-animal injection with Xnr3 shifted the lateral krox20 expression domain anteriorly and reduced Otx2 expression. The mature region of Xnr3 is necessary for these effects to occur, and the pro-region accelerated them. Phalloidin labeling revealed that cells around the neural-epidermal boundary lost their slender shape following Xnr3 injection. Moreover, we analyzed the cell migration of ectodermal cells and found specific Xnr3-induced effects at the neural-epidermal boundary. These findings together suggested that Xnr3 affects anterior ectoderm migration around the neural-epidermal boundary to induce a specific neural pattern abnormality. Change of the shape of surrounding ectodermal cells and the specific migratory pattern might therefore reflect the novel mechanism of neural-epidermal boundary.
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1387/ijdb.130161tm
VL  - 57
IS  - 9-10
SP  - 779
EP  - 786
J2  - Int. J. Dev. Biol.
LA  - en
SN  - 0214-6282
SN  - 1696-3547
UR  - https://ijdb.ehu.eus/article/130161tm
Y2  - 2024/11/05/13:18:26
ER  -